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What’s in a Good or Bad Credit Score

For many clients in the pre-approval process, their credit report and credit scores are a source of stress and mystery. Even with the endless information available at the click of a mouse, there seems to be no straightforward summary. This is they key information for What’s in a Good or Bad Credit Score.

So, what determines a good (or bad) credit score?

Good Credit

From the time you get your very first credit card, your credit is being built. Keep in mind these relatively simple habits to develop that will ensure you achieve a desirable high number.

  • Pay your credit cards and all bills on time –including your cell phone and Internet!
  • Pay your parking tickets on time – that’s right, unpaid tickets will affect your credit score.
  • It’s ok to have more than one credit card, but keep it under control. The key is to not be continuously using your limits to the max! A good rule of thumb is keeping utilization under 30% of your available credit.
Myths

It is a common misconception that once a credit account is closed, you are no longer liable to pay; maybe the refusal to pay is rooted in principal, perhaps from a dispute with the cable company over a late charge. No matter the reason, once the creditor has reported the missing payment, you score goes down for 120 or until the creditor closes the account. But it doesn’t end there; they may send your account to a collection agency that will then add their own feels. The worst part, you now owe more money! The longer this goes on, the worst of an effect it has on your credit and the more difficult it becomes to recover you score.

You may have also heard that your credit score falls every time it’s checked. This is not necessarily true. Sites like Credit Karma allow you to check your score as many times as you like without damaging your score – although theses score may not be exactly what the credit bureau holds, they are certainly a good indication.

What DOES affect your score is a lender or creditor looking into your credit report. The more times lenders check (especially in a short period of time), the greater chance your score is going to decrease.

The Benefit of Using a Broker

To address that last point; many mortgage shoppers will have their credit pull multiple times within a short time frame when shopping around at various lenders (who each look into their credit report).

A huge benefit to using a broker is we will only check your credit once! Of course, that certainly doesn’t limit our reach; we have access to all sorts of lenders and the in depth knowledge of each lenders criteria for qualification, so we can find the perfect one that meets all your needs!

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Knowing the Terms of your Mortgage

Prepayment

Knowing the terms of your mortgage, like the option to pay off your mortgage faster should be a consideration when reviewing your mortgage terms. Prepayments allow you to pay off a little more each year (usually a set portion of you mortgage amount). This is a great feature if, say, you get yearly bonuses from works, work commission based and would like to use the income from busy times towards paying down your debt, or expect to be earning more in the coming years.

Prepayments come in many forms, and each lender had their own features. Some allow you to increase you regular payments, so you pay a little more each period. Alternatively, you could have the option to make a lump sum payment that goes directly to decreasing your principal, so no interest is paid on those extra funds.

Portability

Now, what is you decide to move; you would like the option to take your current mortgage and terms to put towards your new home. You may also have the option to increase the amount without having to pay the possible costly consequences of breaking your mortgage. You get to move without the stress of having to obtain a new mortgage, at a possibly higher rate.

Assumability

Lastly, consider your parents’ mortgage and your family home. They might be moving to a smaller more manageable property or to warmer weather; but you love this home and would like to take over their mortgage. Without assumability, you would have to get a new mortgage at current rates, and your parents would likely have to pay discharge fees. Instead, so long as qualify for the outstanding amount, assumability allows you to take over the remaining balance of their mortgage with their rate and terms.

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Mortgage Payment Frequency Options

Mortgage payment frequency options include many factors. These may influence your choice of payment frequency, including budget flexibility and when your payroll is deposited. Moreover, the ability to take on slightly larger payments will enable you to minimize total interest paid and pay off your mortgage quicker. When it comes to mortgage payments, the frequency of payment is a major consideration. Many mortgage lenders offer options for how often mortgage payments can be made. Ranging from monthly all the way up to bi-weekly, choosing the right mortgage payment frequency largely depends on your own lifestyle preferences.

Monthly

When it comes to mortgage payments, many people opt for having their mortgage payment withdrawn from their bank account on the same day each month. This option makes mortgage payments easier to manage as there are only 12 payments per year. Choosing this payment frequency can also save you money in mortgage interest over time, as your mortgage is paid off faster.

Bi-Weekly

A mortgage payment is typically paid bi-weekly, meaning that your mortgage payment is multiplied by 12, then divided by the number of pay periods per year. This helps to reduce the interest you owe over the course of a year, as bi-weekly payments are equivalent to making one additional payment per year. It also reduces the amount of time it take to payoff the debt.

Accelerated Bi-Weekly

The monthly mortgage payment is divided by 2; this amount is withdrawn every two weeks. With a Bi-weekly frequency, you are making a total of 26 payments per year. However, the payment amount is slightly more. So, you accelerate paying off your mortgage and will be paying less interest total.

These represent mortgage payment frequency options that are available for your own mortgage. Call us to discuss today.

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Using a Guarantor

Using a guarantor or co-signer will assure payment responsibility if the primary borrowers default. This will enable the applicant to qualify for a mortgage, if on their own; the applicant(s) have to poor credit and/or insufficient income. A guarantors name may be on the loan but not the property. Conversely, a co-signers name will appear on both title and the loan.

Co-Signor Risks

There is a significant amount of risk involved in agreeing to be a guarantor or co-signer. If the borrower defaults, they are responsible for the full amount of the mortgage. So, lenders require them to qualify as if they were the sole applicants for the loan. Like a primary applicant, the lender will require a credit check and discloses of income, liabilities, and assets. Further, a guarantor or co-signer will want to consider how this would affect their ability to qualify for a loan in the future. Important to consider, this loan will be treated as if they have sole liability and included in their debt servicing calculations.

A Guarantor must consent to having their credit checked and provide evidence of income that will meet mortgage-lending policy. With this in mind, it’s important to remember that guarantors are taking on responsibility if the borrowers don’t make payments.

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Mortgages after Purchase

You have purchased your home with your new mortgage; what do you do with it down the road? Well, there are options to refinance, renew, or transfer. All of these options will occur at any point throughout the term of your mortgage. These are Mortgages after Purchase.

Refinance

Say you have been in your home for a few years now. The value has increased and you have paid off a portion of your mortgage. Why add to your mortgage? Perhaps you wish to do some renovations or other debt with higher interest rates you wish to pay off. Well you have additional equity that you can access that you can receive in cash now. This will be added you your existing mortgage amount for you to pay back with interest.

Renewal

Now, say you committed to a 5 year term and that time is now passed. You still owe the remaining balance of your mortgage. Your current lender will contact you with a renewal offer with the interest rate they can offer you on the remaining balance and amortization. Unlike the initial approval process, the renewal process is much less extensive – no pre-approval, less required documents and application processes as mortgages after purchase.

Transfers

Instead of re committing with your currently lender, you find a competitive rate or more extensive product offerings at a different lender. All other factors (mortgage amount, home, ownership, etc) will remain unchanged except who the interest is paid to. You will them be transferring your mortgage from one lender to another, another example of mortgages after purchase.

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How to Get Your Credit Report

How to get your credit report is so important as Lenders look to credit reports to assess the risk of a given borrower. Your score is a number from 300 to 900 that reflects how you have handled your finances in the past. The lower the number, the more risky you appear to lenders, so you are likely to be offered higher rates. It is always recommended to keep an eye on your credit. In Canada, you can receive a free copy of your credit report once a year from both Equifax and TransUnion.
The bureaus refer to your credit report as “client file disclosure” and “consumer disclosure” respectively. Ordering your “free report by mail” does not effect your score. Check your report for errors inconsistent with your true financial history and balances such as late payments; amount owing; or missing accounts. If you do find an error, report it it to the credit bureau to be corrected. We are happy to connect to answers all of your credit related questions. With over 25 years experience in the mortgage industry, we have seen it all. And we have the tools and guidance to handle any credit building (or rebuilding) needs you may. With this in mind, navigating today’s marketplace and credit takes expertise. Call us today.

Interest Rates: Fixed vs Variable

Fixed Interest Rates

Interest Rates: Fixed vs Variable. Fixed rates are often viewed as the safest choice – no surprises. You can rest easy knowing exactly how much interest you are paying and that regardless of fluctuations in the prime rate (for better or worse), you interest will remain unchanged.

Fixed interest rate can be taken on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and even 10 year terms. Note the distinction between term and amortization, term is when your mortgage is up for renewal while amortization is the total time it will take to payoff your debt.

Now, say you committed to a 5 year term, but three years in you want to take advantage of a different lenders product. To do this, you will need to beak your mortgage. THERE WILL BE A PENALTY. The size of penalty varies depending on the lenders current rate, the rate you held, the length remaining on your term, and balance outstanding. Lenders charge a penalty using the greater of the Interest Rate Differential (IRD) or three months interest.

Variable Interest Rates

For those of us that are comfortable with uncertainty, Variable rates provide potential for interest saving and term flexibility.

Variable rates are based on a lenders prime rate; plus or minus a set premium of discount. These rates are mostly available on 5 year terms. However, unlike fixed interest rate, the penalty is only a 3 months interest calculation. With this in mind, breaking the mortgage will likely be significantly less costly in understanding Interest Rates: Fixed vs Variable.

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First Time Home Buyers’ Guide

So, you’ve finally decided to fulfill a lifelong dream and buy your own home… how exciting! You are ready to fulfill your dream of having a place to call your own as First Time Home Buyers.

Buying a home is one of the biggest emotional and financial decisions you’ll ever make. Prepare by learning about the process of homebuying and the responsibilities of homeownership. The differences between renting and buying a home are vast, and there’s a long list of pros and cons for both options. And, remember — there is no one best decision for everyone. Before moving forward, though, here are some questions to consider.

Do you have the necessary financial management skills?
How financially stable are you?
Are you ready to take on the responsibility of all the costs involved in homeownership, including mortgage payments, repairs, and maintenance?
Are you able to devote the time required for home maintenance?

 

Home Renting vs. First Time Home Buyers

There are pros and cons for both renting and buying a home. Everyone must make his or her own best decision. Buying a home is not for everyone. Take a moment to think through the advantages and disadvantages of both owning and renting, and make a list. Use our home renting vs. buying calculator to help you.

Read over your completed worksheet and then think carefully. Are the advantages of owning your home really bigger than the advantages of renting? Are the disadvantages of owning your own home really smaller than the disadvantages of renting?

If homeownership is for you, you must be both financially and emotionally ready. Buying a home isn’t only about money. You should listen to your heart… and take an honest look at your lifestyle.

Are You Financially Ready To Own A Home?
How can you know if you are financially ready to become a homeowner?

Start figuring out your financial readiness by evaluating your present household budget. How much are you spending each month? Knowing exactly how much, will give you a better idea about whether you can afford to become a homeowner.

Do you know how much debt you are carrying? You need this information to figure out whether you are financially ready for homeownership. If you decide to buy a home, mortgage lenders will ask for this information.

 

How Much Can You Afford?

Before you begin shopping for a home, it’s important to know how much you can afford to spend on homeownership. You will want to plan ahead for the various expenses related to homeownership. In addition to purchasing the home, other significant expenses will include heating, property taxes, home maintenance and renovation as required.

Two simple rules can help you figure out how much you can realistically pay for a home. You must understand these rules to understand if you will be able to get a mortgage.

Home Affordability Rule #1
Your monthly housing costs shouldn’t be more than 32% of your gross monthly income. Housing costs include your monthly mortgage payments (principal and interest), property taxes and heating expenses. This is known as PITH for short — Principal, Interest, Taxes, and Heating.

If you are thinking of buying a condominium or leasehold tenure:

For a condominium, PITH also includes half of the monthly condominium fees.

For leasehold tenure, PITH also includes the entire annual site lease.

Lenders add up your housing costs and figure out what percentage they are of your gross monthly income. This figure is called your Gross Debt Service (GDS) ratio. To be considered for a mortgage, your GDS must be 32% or less of your gross household monthly income.

Affordability Rule #2
Additionally, your entire monthly debt load should not be more than 40% of your gross monthly income. Your entire monthly debt load includes your housing costs (PITH) plus all your other debt payments (car loans or leases, credit card payments, lines of credit payments, etc.). You have calculated these on the Monthly Debt Payments form. This figure is called your Total Debt Service (TDS) ratio.

 

Your Maximum House Price

The maximum home price that you can realistically afford depends on a number of factors. The most important factors are your household gross monthly income, your down payment and the mortgage interest rate. For many people, the hardest part of buying a home — especially their first one — is saving the necessary down payment.

Note: For CMHC-insured mortgage loans, the maximum purchase price or as-improved property value must be below $1,000,000, when the loan-to-value ratio is greater than 80%.

 

Calculate Your Maximum House Price

Use the Mortgage Affordability Calculator in the Mortgage Tools section to figure out the maximum home price you can afford, the maximum mortgage amount you can borrow, and your monthly mortgage payments (including principal and interest).

 

Mortgage Loan Insurance

Mortgage loan insurance helps protect lenders against mortgage default, and enables consumers to purchase homes with a minimum down payment of 5% — with interest rates comparable to those with a 20% down payment.

The CMHC Mortgage Loan Insurance premium is calculated as a percentage of the loan and is based on the size of your down payment. The higher the percentage of the total house price/value that you borrow, the higher percentage you will pay in insurance premiums. The cost for Mortgage Loan Insurance premiums is usually offset by the savings you get from lower interest rates.

Note: The amortization cannot exceed 25 years for mortgage loan-to-value ratios higher than 80%.

Do Your Calculations Look Encouraging?
What is your current financial situation?

You may need to step back and re-evaluate your house goals and dreams. Consider the following which may improve your housing outlook for the long run:

Pay off some loans first.
Save for a larger down payment.
Take another look at your current household budget to see where you can spend less. The money you save can go towards a larger down payment.
Lower your home price — remember that your first home is not necessarily your dream home.
Before approving a mortgage, lenders will want to see how well you have paid your debts and bills in the past. To do this, they consider your credit history (credit report) from a credit bureau. This tells them about your financial past and how you have used credit.

Before looking for a mortgage lender, get a copy of your own credit history. There are two main credit-reporting agencies: Equifax Canada and TransUnion Canada. You can contact either one of them to get a copy of your credit report. There is often a fee for this service.

Once you receive your credit report, examine it to make sure the information is complete and accurate.

 

If You Have No Credit History

If you have no credit history, it is important to start building one by, for example, applying for a standard credit card with good interest rates and terms, making small purchases, and paying them as soon as the bill comes in.

Poor credit? lenders might not be able to give you a mortgage loan. You will need to re-establish a good credit history by making debt payments regularly and on time. Most unfavourable credit information (including bankruptcy) drops off your credit file after seven years.

 

Mortgage Pre-Approval

It’s a very good idea to get a pre-approved mortgage before you start shopping. Many REALTORs® will ask if you’ve been approved. A lender will look at your finances and figure the amount of mortgage you can afford. Then the lender will give you a written confirmation, or certificate, for a fixed interest rate. This confirmation will be good for a specific period of time. A pre-approved mortgage is not a guarantee of being approved for the mortgage loan.

Even if you haven’t found the home you want to buy, having a pre-approved mortgage amount will help keep a good price range in mind.

Bring these with you the first time you meet with your mortgage broker:

Your personal information, including identification such as your driver’s license.
Details on your job, including confirmation of salary in the form of a letter from your employer.
All your sources of income.
Information and details on all bank accounts, loans and other debts.
Proof of financial assets.
Source and amount of down payment and deposit.
Proof of source of funds to cover the closing costs (these are usually between 1.5% of the purchase price).

 

Make Your Mortgage Work for You

We will offer you several choices to help find you the mortgage that best matches your needs. Here are some of the most common:

 

Mortgage Amortization Period

Amortization refers to the length of time you choose to pay off your mortgage. Mortgages typically come in 25 amortization periods, but can be as short as 15 years. Usually, the longer the amortization, the smaller the monthly payments. However, the longer the amortization, the higher the interest costs. Total interest costs can be reduced by making additional (lump sum) payments when possible.

 

Payment Schedule

You have the option of repaying your mortgage every month, twice a month, every two weeks or every week. You can also choose to accelerate your payments. This usually means one extra monthly payment per year.

 

Mortgage Interest Rate Type

 

You will have to choose between “fixed”, “variable” and “protected (or capped) variable”. A fixed rate will not change for the term of the mortgage. This type carries a slightly higher rate but provides the peace of mind associated with knowing that interest costs will remain the same.

With a variable rate, the interest rate you pay will fluctuate with the rate of the market. Usually, this will not modify the overall amount of your mortgage payment, but rather change the portion of your monthly payment that goes towards interest costs or paying your mortgage (principal repayment). If interest rates go down, you end up repaying your mortgage faster. If they go up, more of the payment will go towards the interest and less towards repaying the mortgage. This option means you may have to be prepared to accept some risk and uncertainty.

A protected (or capped) variable rate is a mortgage with a variable interest rate that has a maximum rate determined in advance. Even if the market rate goes above the determined maximum rate, you will only have to pay up to that maximum.

Use the Mortgage Payment Calculator to find how much and how often your payment will be. Compare options and find one that’s right for you.

 

Mortgage Term

The term of a mortgage is the length of time for which options are chosen and agreed upon, such as the interest rate. It can be as little as six months or as long as five years or more. When the term is up, you have the ability to renegotiate your mortgage at the interest rate of that time and choose the same or different options.

An open mortgage allows you to pay off your mortgage in part or in full at any time without any penalties. You may also choose, at any time, to renegotiate the mortgage. This option provides more flexibility but comes with a higher interest rate. An open mortgage can be a good choice if you plan to sell your home in the near future or to make large additional payments.

A closed mortgage usually carries a lower interest rate but doesn’t offer the flexibility of an open mortgage. However, most lenders allow homeowners to make additional payments of a determined maximum amount without penalty. Typically, most people will select a closed mortgage.

 

Property Down Payment

 

A down payment is the part of the home price that does not come from the mortgage loan. The down payment comes from your own money. You can buy your home with a minimum down payment of 5%, if you have mortgage loan insurance from CMHC. You need a down payment of at least 20% for a conventional mortgage.

 

Property Deposit

The deposit is paid when you make an Offer to Purchase to show that you are a serious buyer. The deposit will form part of your down payment with the remainder owing at time of closing. If for some reason you back out of the deal without having covered yourself with purchase conditions, such as financing, home inspection, etc., your deposit may not be refundable and you may be sued for damages. The size of the deposit varies. Your realtor or lawyer / notary can help you decide on the amount.

 

Home Inspection Fee

We recommend that you make a home inspection a condition of your Offer to Purchase. A home inspection is done by a qualified home inspector to provide you with information on the condition of the home. It generally costs between $350-$500, depending on the age, size and complexity of the house and the condition that it is in. For example, it may be more costly to inspect a large, older, home, or one in relatively poor condition, or that has many pre-existing problems or concerns.

 

Title Insurance

Your lender, lawyer, or notary may suggest that you get title insurance. This will cover loss caused by defects of title to the property.

 

Land Registration Fees

Land registration fees are sometimes called Land Transfer Tax, Deed Registration Fee, Tariff or Property Purchases Tax. In some provinces and territories, you may have to pay this provincial or municipal charge when you close the sale. The cost is a percentage of the property’s purchase price. Check on the internet or with your lawyer (or notary) or other team member to find out about the current rates. These fees can cost a few thousand dollars.